Were the polls that wrong? I think we would find that (a) they were reasonable on primary vote share, a slight over-estimate of LNP support; (b) maybe worse on 2PP. With OPV, there is a reasonable amount of uncertainty over the 17% or so of votes that have a 1st preference for someone other than a major party candidate.
Galaxy (March 17-18) had Labor 40, LNP 43; the vote count as of Monday morning is something like 42.6 to 41.4 Neither the report of the poll in the Courier Mail nor on the Galaxy site mentions the sample size. Mumble appears to have got hold of the internal report from Galaxy, which says n=800.
I suspect we would find that any individual poll was inside the nominal “margin of error” on primary shares. The interesting thing is whether a pool of the polls would show the Newspoll/Galaxy average to be off. Mumble had a weighted average of ALP 41.1 and LNP 42.4, with the combined sample size about 2,100 (Newspoll = 1,328; Galaxy = 800). Of course, the nominal sample size isn’t the effective sample size after weighting (i.e., the so-called “design effect” or DEFF); let’s say the DEFF is 1.4, and so the effective sample size is 2100/sqrt(1.4) = 1800 or so. Then the (95% confidence interval) “margin of error” the pooled estimate of the ALP on 41.1 is +/- 2.3 and easily envelopes the true result; put differently, if the world really is 42.6 to 41.4, and you use a sampling technology that delivers the equivalent of n=1800, you will get errors at least as large as the ones obtained here about 20% of the time. I’d call this far from a train wreck for the polls, at least on primary vote share.
As for biases in the polls: again, perhaps… Qld has been growing fast, a younger, slightly more mobile population, and has seen its unemployment rate take a bump in recent months (perhaps all of this adds to mobility, or making it harder to get ALP people to take phone interviews). But thats just wild speculation. It would be a good check to see if the polls underestimated Labor support in QLD in the 2007 Federal election, too?
Finally, the bookies always had Labor in front, but so too did the poll question that asked “who do you think will win?”. That number seems to track the implied probability in the betting markets pretty well, falling as low as about low to mid 50s by Election Eve. It would seem a lot of money came into the market for the LNP late in the game, helping the bookies balance out the money they’d been taking on the Labor side. Nicely played… With the benefit of hindsight, the 1.67 Election Eve price for Labor was the value bet of the campaign.